Hive provides several optimization techniques that can be used to improve query performance. Here are some of the most commonly used optimization techniques in Hive:

1. Partitioning: As discussed in the previous answer, partitioning allows you to divide a large table into smaller, more manageable pieces called “partitions.” By partitioning the data, Hive can skip over the irrelevant partitions and only read the relevant partitions, reducing the amount of data that needs to be processed.
2. Bucketing: Bucketing is another technique for dividing a large table into smaller pieces. Bucketing works by dividing the data into smaller pieces based on a hash of a specific column in the data. This can lead to improved query performance because Hive can quickly determine which bucket a particular row of data belongs in.
3. Indexing: Indexing allows you to create a separate, smaller data structure that can be used to quickly look up the location of specific rows in a large table. By using an index, Hive can avoid having to scan the entire table to find the rows that match a particular query.
4. Map-Reduce optimization: Hive is built on top of the Hadoop MapReduce framework, and as such, it can take advantage of the optimizations available within MapReduce. For example, you can use techniques such as reducing the amount of data shuffled between mappers and reducers, and using compression to reduce the amount of data that needs to be transferred over the network.
5. Predicate pushdown: Predicate pushdown is a technique that allows you to push certain parts of a query down to the storage layer, so that only the relevant data is processed. This can significantly improve query performance, as it reduces the amount of data that needs to be processed by Hive.
6. Cost-based optimization: Hive provides a cost-based optimizer that evaluates the different possible execution plans for a query and selects the one with the lowest estimated cost. The optimizer takes into account factors such as the size of the data being processed, the distribution of the data, and the available resources (e.g., memory and CPU) to determine the best execution plan.

These are some of the most commonly used optimisation techniques in Hive. By using these techniques, you can significantly improve the performance of your Hive queries, making it easier and faster to process large data sets.

hive optimization tech query sample

Here is a sample query that demonstrates the use of some of the optimization techniques in Hive:

-- Create a sample table
CREATE TABLE sales (
  customer_id INT,
  item_id INT,
  sale_date STRING,
  sale_amount FLOAT
)
PARTITIONED BY (month STRING)
CLUSTERED BY (item_id) INTO 4 BUCKETS;

-- Load data into the table
LOAD DATA INPATH '/data/sales' INTO TABLE sales PARTITION (month='january');

-- Use partitioning to limit the data being processed
SELECT customer_id, SUM(sale_amount)
FROM sales
WHERE month='january'
GROUP BY customer_id;

-- Use bucketing to improve the performance of the query
SELECT item_id, SUM(sale_amount)
FROM sales
WHERE month='january'
GROUP BY item_id
CLUSTER BY item_id;

-- Use predicate pushdown to limit the data being processed
SELECT customer_id, SUM(sale_amount)
FROM sales
WHERE month='january' AND sale_amount > 100
GROUP BY customer_id;

In this example, we first create a table called “sales” that is partitioned by the “month” column and bucketed by the “item_id” column. We then load data into the table and use partitioning to limit the data being processed in our query. In the second query, we use bucketing to improve the performance of the query. Finally, in the third query, we use predicate pushdown to limit the data being processed by pushing the sale_amount > 100 condition down to the storage layer.